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What a VVB does

A VVB is an independent, impartial auditor, accredited and empanelled with CR-I. It validates project designs, verifies results before MCUs are issued, and assesses new methodologies.

VVBsLast reviewed 23 October 2026

Activities

  • Validation of new projects, permanent design changes and renewals of crediting periods
  • Verification of monitoring reports before MCUs are issued, and of GHG reversals
  • Assessment of new methodologies and tools, and of their revisions

Auditing principles

VVBs work to seven principles: integrity, independence, an evidence-based approach, confidentiality, fair representation, due professional care, and openness.

Obligations

  • Hold accreditation in the sectoral scopes of the projects and methodologies they handle, and keep it.
  • Use competent teams, in line with ISO 14066.
  • Use the current CR-I report templates.
  • Keep records for at least 10 years. For example, records of MCU issuance are kept for 10 years from the date of issue.

Becoming a VVB

See Eligibility and empanelment, or create a Registry account. Empanelled VVBs are listed on the VVBs page.

Sources

The 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals, with SDG 13 Climate Action highlighted. Every CR-I project contributes to at least four SDGs, including SDG 13.